'The man who does not value himself, cannot value anything or
anyone.'
Much is being spoken about these days- that we have to be
selfless, devoted to the cause of others and their upliftment. It is the most
spiritually attainable goal in one’s life. Anyone who works towards making his
life better is looked down upon because he is not human if he cannot shell out
his hard earned money for food and blankets for the beggars. He cannot drive
his car daily if he cannot be empathetic towards the poor living on the
pavements. However, we forget that if we
are selfish then and only then there can be a change. Ayn Rand has been
criticized for too long for upholding this simple truth.
That selfishness can be a virtue has been condemned by the
people who think that helping others and devoting their life for others is the
only fulfilling task of man on earth. If anyone reads through the novels of Ayn
Rand, he or she might think of her rotting in hell – like her protagonists who
create chaos in a seemingly functional world.
Ayn Rand is probably the best example of a person way ahead
of her time, a martyr to the collective hypocrisy of a society. When she argued
that man should live to promote only his happiness, it was received with utmost
derision. People claimed that the society would become decadent and hedonistic
in its pursuit of individual happiness. They did not understand the superiority
of the virtue of selfishness- To be thoughtless and harm others cannot be in
your self- interest. That was not the selfishness that Ms. Rand was speaking
about. To be selfish, she urged people to devote oneself completely to reason-
not faith, not moral and societal obligations- to achieve the highest in one’s
life and to make all sorts of sacrifice needed to achieve that- that was her
philosophy- “Every man builds his world
in his own image. He has the power to choose, but no power to escape the
necessity of choice.”
Many people have interpreted her ideas to suit their selfish
purposes. She never endorsed anarchism and contrary to popular belief, she was
not against the government also. She accepted the government for what it should
be- providing and creating best possible environment to achieve individual
perfection. And individual perfection was her idea of selfishness- created and
fostered by creativity, and as applications of the role of reason
as man's basic tool of survival: rationality, honesty, justice, independence,
integrity, productiveness, and pride. “Do not ever say that the desire to 'do good' by force
is a good motive. Neither power-lust nor stupidity are good motives.”
Yes, she was against the standard of
values dictated by man and society- Here too her reason was that ethics that is
forced on a man can never promote and prosper ultimate good in society because
it is forced upon the free will. She was the modern advocate of Aristotle’s
concept of “Free will”. Any knowledge other than that perceived by your sense
perception is a knowledge forced on you by the society for its own purpose. She
did not believe in the concept of emotions, intuitions and ethics as a source
of knowledge. Existence of one’s own self is a reality- it cannot be bound by
irrational ideals and thoughts. That is
why, she vehemently opposed the idea of modern altruism as coined by Comte.
Greater good cannot be achieved in a society ruled by mob mentality- for a
cannibal society, this would tantamount to one individual’s protest against
eating human flesh. So a person going against that tenet would be looked upon
as a nonconformist and creator of chaos. If we think deeper, this chaos is
needed in a society to shift from its selfish motives towards collective good
ultimately. Modern altruism finds fault with the money system- they see it as a
creator of divide and class system. But Rand says money is the necessary tool
to bring change- to what end you wish to bring the change is your purpose in
life. Again, to reiterate Rand, harming others and selfish acts of destruction
cannot be in the self interest of individuals- without going into the morals,
ethics, value system provided to a person, simple reason and rationality will
force the person not to do it. Because if he does that, he will not be able to
exist himself.
‘Give a man a
fish and you feed him for a day; Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a
lifetime.” If according to modern altruism, we believe in donating and devoting
for the cause of others, not to have a desire for self-fulfillment, I dread that
we remain slaves to the first part of this proverb… It cannot lead to greater
good since we have not ignited the spirit of selfishness in him- we have not
taught him to achieve anything, to take pride in his work, to question, to
create something intrinsic to his nature in the face of opposition.
So the virtue of selfishness as promoted by Rand is the
highest virtue that can be achieved in life. A life should be completely
devoted to reason and its choices- ideals and principles should not be coated
in words and standards of evil and good. The evil of the society is that it
has, through stories, legends, actions handed down by parents that doing
anything good for your own self is evil while giving money and blankets to
others is good. Any reasonable man would agree that to sacrifice his life for
some strangers’ well being cannot be the be all and end all of his existence.
Altruists will argue that without this moral code, there cannot be any global
consciousness. But to quote Rand, reason, purpose and self-esteem should
suffice to promote universal good- you do not need to sugar-coat it by moral
codes, ethics. Because ethics itself is spawned by the hypocrisy of society- it
is a servant to the greed and power of society- a hegemonic rule over the power
of reason and egoism of individual. The
question is whether a man should live life according to standards set by
another individual- whether his existence is subservient to the whims and
conduct of others. If it is only reason that we answer with, the answer will be
no- irrespective of time, society and emotions. “Man—every man—is an end in himself, not a means to the ends of
others; he must live for his own sake, neither sacrificing himself to others
nor sacrificing others to himself; he must work for his rational self-interest,
with the achievement of his own happiness as the highest moral purpose of his
life.”